“...This paper investigates the economic returns to language skills and bilingualism in Kazakhstan, a multi-ethnic country that started switching its official...”

“...•We analyze interregional migration in Kazakhstan using a quarterly panel for the years 2008–2010 for 16 administrative regions for two ethnic groups: Kazakhs...”

“...We evaluate the individual employment effects of four types of short-term training for immigrants and natives in the German welfare system and identify...”

“...Language proficiency may not only affect the earnings of the individual, but the probability to participate in the labor market or becoming employed as well...”

“...We evaluate the effects of different short-term training programs on the employment chances of immigrant and native welfare recipients in Germany. In...”

“..."Less than half of the people with migration background living in Germany possess foreign citizenship. Hence, using citizenship to analyze economic issues of...”